Surfaces and Interfaces are the bridges connecting the nano-world and macro(meso)-world, and largely determine the novel properties of nano-scopic materials and devices. This unique characteristic, therefore, outlines the importance and necessity of Surface Science contributing to the emerging fields of Nanoscience. In this talk, I’ll present my recent research work focused on molecule-solid interfaces, including their geometry, electronic structures, and electron transport properties. In particular, I’ll start with showing an anisotropic free-electron-like behavior at a molecule-metal interface (Glycine/Cu(100)) [1], then move to a propagation reaction of MeCl on a semiconductor surface, Si(100) [2,3], and the growth and molecule-substrate interaction mechanism of a functional molecule PTCDA on insulator surfaces, NaCl and KBr [4,5]. Two examples regarding electron transport properties are followed, i.e. the role of metal-graphene (metal=Cu, Co, Ni) contacts in graphene electronics [6,7], and the role of molecule-lead interfaces in molecular electronics [8,9].