The fabrication of bio- and nanomaterial arrays in a controlled manner and the synthesis of novel nanomaterials have attracted significant attention due to their important applications in a number of fields, such as biology, sensors, devices, etc. In this talk, I will summarize the researches my group has done recently. This includes dip-pen nanolithography-based controlled fabrication of arrays of peptide, Au nanoparticles, CNTs, graphene on solid substrates, “needle-scratching” method-based fabrication of large-area catalyst patterns used for controlled growth ultralong (0.5 mm) and high density SWCNTs (10 tubes/μm), synthesis of anisotropic nanomaterials and graphene derivative-based materials, and the graphene derivative-based sensing, solar cells, memory devices and cell cultures.